human lung adenocarcinoma a549 cell line  (ATCC)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Epidermal Growth Factor/c-Met receptor signalling crosstalk drives tunneling nanotube formation in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.23.701283

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative confocal images of control, EGF, HGF and EGF+HGF-treated cells (100 ng/ml) labelled with F-actin (red) and α-tubulin (green). White arrows denote TNTs. Confocal images were obtained at x40 magnification. Scale bar: 20 µm. (n=3) (ii) Three-dimensional reconstruction of an F-actin-positive non-adherent TNT induced by EGF+HGF. The orthogonal view demonstrates the xz projection of TNT hovering above the surface of the substratum. (B) Representative scanning electron micrographs demonstrate a vast network of TNTs in (i) EGF, (ii) HGF and (iii) EGF+HGF-treated A549 cells. The presence of cellular cargo within the EGF+HGF-induced TNTs is shown in the dotted zoomed panels (1) and (2) using yellow arrows. TNTs are denoted using black arrows. SEM images were obtained at magnifications ranging between x560 - x599. (C) Representative phase contrast and merged fluorescent images from a timelapse movie showing (i) two mitochondria (red and yellow arrows) and a DiO-labelled vesicle (green arrow) being trafficked within anEGF+HGF-induced TNT towards a red mitochondria-labelled cell. Scale bar: 10 µm and (ii) bidirectional transfer of lysosomes within an EGF+HGF-induced TNT (red and yellow arrows). Scale bar: 5 µm. Timelapse movies were obtained at 20x magnification. (n=3)

Article Snippet: The A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line was obtained from the America Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and grown in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) media (Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 20 mM L-glutamine, 10,000 U/ml penicillin, and 10,000 μg/ml streptomycin (Gibco).

Techniques: Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Antiviral drug synergy and mutational signatures in different epithelial cell models of RSV and hPIV infection

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.13.699296

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Comparison of cell toxicity versus viral-GFP intensity (relative fluorescence units) at 7 days post-infection with RSVA or hPIV3 (both at MOI 0.02) with the epithelial cell lines VeroE6, Calu-3 or LLC-MK2 (n=3). Dashed box indicates cell lines chosen for subsequent antiviral assays. B-C. Representative images of the antiviral infection assay in 96-well format demonstrating dynamic range, here showing RSV infection of VeroE6 cells with and without single or dual-drug antiviral treatments. Cytopathology is visualised by endpoint crystal violet staining of adherent cells (B), whilst the fluorescence micrograph of same representative assay plate (C) demonstrates visualisation of GFP-tagged RSVA infection. D. Relationship between cell viability (quantified by crystal violet absorbance) and viral GFP fluorescence, as normalised against virus-only and mock controls. Representative dose response curves are modelled on data for remdesivir against RSVA. E-L. Dose response curves for monotherapy concentrations of remdesivir (E&I), favipiravir (F&J), EIDD-1931 (G&K), and ribavirin (H&L) tested against RSVA (E-H) or hPIV3 (I-L) infection. The viral inhibition % model is shown as the blue line, while cytotoxicity (as a % reduction of adherent cells) is indicated by the red line. The shaded box indicates drug concentrations with cytotoxicity exceeding 20%. (n=5 for RSVA, n=3-4 for hPIV3)

Article Snippet: Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line Calu-3 (HTB-55, ATCC) and rhesus monkey kidney cell line LLC-MK2 (CCL-7, Caltag-Medsystems Ltd) were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Thermo Fisher) and 1× penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques: Comparison, Fluorescence, Infection, Staining, Virus, Inhibition